Lawrence Heights Youth Gun Violence Research Paper

Lawrence Heights Youth Gun Violence - Research Paper Example The theme of both the essays deal with the psychological and emotional aspects of soldiers involved in war and both try to emphasize on the grueling effects that war could bring upon the soldiers. Apart from the theme, there are quite a few similarities in the ideas discussed in these two essays and they are detailed below. An account of The Things They Carried O’Brien, the author of this essay, tries to bring out the emotional burden that the soldiers carry during war, through the space of opportunities created by the explanation of physical things carried by these soldiers. The mirage of fantasy that confounds their consciousness by feeding them misconceptions of reality is clearly described by the author through the character of Jimmy Cross. Cross accuses himself for the death of his team member Lavender, because, he was the person who failed to protect him in that grave hour. At that time, Cross was completely swept off from his feet by fantasy thoughts about his love, Mar tha and his doubts over whether she is virgin or not. If this story is considered to be a description of war between love and war, then the death of Lavender clearly signifies the victory of war over love. (O’Brien, 2009) O’Brien brings out the cynical nature of war through the depressive attitude shown by Cross after Lavender’s death. Through the description of those thoughts, the author also tries to indicate the fact that most of the people who were involved in war were young and youthful – people who should have experienced the joyous life of college, in their age. Instead, the emotional guilt and coward thought haunts them in every second of their life. However, the author ends up the essay on a positive intent by elucidating the thoughts of Cross who tries to erase the memories of his girlfriend by burning her pictures and decides to believe that, to lead is better than to love. Overall, O’Brien effectively persuades the reader to think deep and relate directly to the effects felt by the burden these soldiers carried day in and day out. (O’Brien, 2009) The Ecstasy of War and its Similarities Barbara Ehrenreich tries to distinguish the two needs of war – the material advantages and psychological dominance through this essay. Although she excludes discussing about the former need, she presents a critical thought and analysis of how the psychological impact presides itself in every human’s mind. The first similarity between the two essays is how the two authors present the emotional struggle that every person faces while going to war. Barbara here presents those points with the description of how people go to the level of committing suicide to avoid the struggles they have to face in war. The second similarity is in how Barbara expresses the experiences that a youthful person could have in leading a normal life rather than fighting in war. According to her, boys become men ready to face society only th rough their experiences with social interactions but the soldiers who are completely devoid of such experiences are bound to fear and feel emotionally stressed. Third similarity comes in the idea of inhumanness in approaching. As Cross chooses to lead leaving his love, Barbara also emphasizes on people leaving out all kinds of common human emotions and fight in the war like an animal, confronting everyone with

Japanese Economic Nationalism Essay Example for Free

Japanese Economic Nationalism Essay Economic nationalism refers to the use of policies that are guided by the idea of protecting domestic consumption, labor, and capital formation, even when these policies require the imposition of tariffs in addition to other restrictions on the movement of labor, goods, and capital. In many cases, economic nationalism is opposed to globalization or unrestricted free trade. Economic nationalism could include doctrines such as protectionism and import substitution (Economic Nationalism, 2007). What is more, Japan is a master in the use of policies that define economic nationalism (Hall). To other nations around the world, Japanese economic nationalism appears as self-seeking behavior. Besides, this self-serving attitude of Japan can drive other nations also to feel particularly touchy about their own national interests with respect to Japan. Thus, Patrick J. Buchanan (1995) speaks for the American people: With the collapse of U. S. Japan trade talks, the hour of the economic nationalist may be at hand. In British Columbia, U. S. demands that Japan open her markets to more American autos and parts were rudely rebuffed. Japans top negotiator virtually dared us to impose sanctions. We will haul you up before the World Trade Organization. Tokyo warns; and there we will have you branded a violator of the free trade principles you so noisily preach – before an international tribunal you yourselves set up. Angry Clintonites intend to impose 100 percent tariffs on $6 billion of Japans exports. This JAPANESE ECONOMIC NATIONALISM Page # 2 doesnt even qualify as a spanking. Americans are in a mood for action; and the GOP should demand more serious sanctions. Enough is enough. In 1953, we had 60 percent of Japans auto market; by 1960, our share had been slashed to 1 percent. That is all we have now. Since 1970, Japan has purchased 400,000 U. S. cars, while selling us 40 million. Nationalism is emotion arousing. And, Luke S. Roberts (1998) seems to know about the subconscious roots of economic nationalism in the Japanese mind. According to the author, these roots lie in an eighteenth century concept of political economy referred to as â€Å"kokueki† or â€Å"national prosperity. † The concept of kokueki was articulated in Tosa, which was one of more than 230 Japanese domains that made up Japan during the Tokugawa period. The domains were autonomous with regards to internal administration. Nevertheless, they were often expected to sacrifice their own economic interests to meet obligations and services required by the shogun and his government. During a period of economic crises in the first half of the eighteenth century, Tosa was compelled to adopt mercantilist policies in order to protect its own wellbeing. The concept of kokueki was at the heart of these policies. In this way, Tosa looked upon itself as a nation instead of holding itself responsible for the economic wellbeing for all Japanese domains under the shogun (Roberts). By pursuing the interests of the domain instead of those of the entire government and the shogun, Tosa acted as a model for the rest of the Japanese domains who too began to look upon JAPANESE ECONOMIC NATIONALISM Page # 3 self-interest as a lucrative attitude. Tosa had thus prepared the ground for the overthrow of the shogun’s government. Eventually, the domain along with few others like itself engineered the fall of the Tokugawa shogunate in the year 1868. Furthermore, Tosa and partners extended the concept of kokueki from their domains to the entire country. This provided the new Meiji government with a model for the establishment of a nationally organized political economy (Roberts). Economic nationalism has worked for Japan for many years, and there is no law on earth against it (Hall). Even so, Buchanan (2006) complains about it once again: â€Å"China and Japan manipulate their currencies and tax polices to promote exports, cut imports and run trade surpluses at Americas expense. † Besides putting financial pressure on Japan, in the name of tariffs, America seems to have a less burdensome and more reasonable way to convince Japan to move toward liberalization. Tariffs are, of course, burdensome also for American consumers who love Japanese cars. The United States can convince Japan to move toward liberalization more easily by the use of reason, that is, by expressing the fact that economic nationalism did the nation no good when it was time for the Asian crises of the 1990s. Prior to Japan’s prolonged doldrums at the time, its economic nationalism was looked upon as its formula for success. But this changed when Japan saw that all of the nations that followed its formula were in crises during the 1990s (Hall). International support was the need of the hour. And so, Japan should have realized that nationalist economic policies have no place in an age of economic globalization (Hall). The fact that Japan did not see economical nationalism as the real problem, is the cause of Buchanan’s JAPANESE ECONOMIC NATIONALISM Page # 4 complaint. All the same, the author may discover that in order to see the changes that he wants to see through in the Japanese economic policies – it is best to appeal to Japanese reason, and put the facts before the country before another crisis occurs. After all, economic nationalism is to the mainframe computer as globalization and internalization are to the Japanese PC!

Three ways that stress is conceptualised by psychologists

Three ways that stress is conceptualised by psychologists Researchers define stress as a physical, mental, or emotional response to events that cause bodily or mental tension. Therefore, stress is a disruptive condition that occurs in response to internal or external environments and affects the body or mind. Depending on the stressors and the types of events being dealt with, stress can manifest itself physically, emotionally or mentally. Physical stress occurs when the body starts to suffer resulting from stressful situation and symptoms show in a range of ways and vary in their seriousness. Emotional stress is a response by the mind when affected by things like anxiety, anger, depression, irritability, frustration or over-reaction to everyday problems. Psychological stress result when an individual is exposed to long-term stress and the symptoms may include withdrawal from society, phobias, compulsive behaviours, eating disorders and night terrors. The concept of stress has been viewed in different ways: An internal body response nonspecific response of the body to any demand made upon it. This is a state of psychological and physical tension produced when there is a mismatch between the perceived demands of a situation and an individuals perceived ability to cope. This leads to either adaptive or maladaptive state of tension. An external stimuli This is an event that triggers the stress response as it throws the body out of balance and forces it to respond. It can be a life event or a set of circumstances that arouses physiologic reactions that may increase an individuals vulnerability to illness. A transaction includes a set of cognitive, affective and adaptive (coping) responses that arise out of person environment transaction. People perceive threats to their well-being which they may be unable to meet. There are several ways in which the term stress is conceptualised by psychologists: The general adaptation syndrome (GAS) Hans Selye (1936, 1950) conducted a research on stress. He reported that the rats that he was experimenting on showed physiological changes that were directly related to the injections they received during the experiments, but what was actually being injected was less important than the fact that they were being injected. The rats were then exposed to harmful agents like cold, surgical injury, excessive exercise, severing the spinal cord or doses of drugs. A typical syndrome appeared and the same symptoms appeared in response to all of the stimuli including (over time), development of stomach ulcers. He argued that stress can be adaptive in the short term because it enables one to cope with environment demands (fight or flight) but long term stress can be damaging. This led him to make the statement that stress is the non-specific response of the body to any demand. Selye noticed that rats and hospital patients all seemed to show a similar pattern of bodily response which he called General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS), because it represented the bodys attempt to cope in an adaptive way with stress. He argued that GAS consisted of three stages; alarm reaction, resistance and exhaustion. After alarm reaction, the individual adapts and returns to normal functioning but after prolonged stress exhaustion occurs which can lead to development of stress-related illnesses. Alarm reaction stage: This stage deals with acute stressors and involves part of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The activity in sympathetic adrenal medullary system (SAM) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis (HPA) increases. This is controlled by electrical impulses through nerves. Selye however emphasized the role of HPA in his account and argued that the alarm reaction develops 6-48 hours after stress and includes muscular tone loss, drop in body temperature and decrease in liver and spleen size. Resistance stage: In this stage the body adapts to the demands of the environment. As it proceeds however, the parasympathetic nervous system requires more careful use of body resources in order to cope. This stage is initially marked by an increase in the size of the adrenal glands and a decrease in some pituitary activity like the production of growth hormone. If the stress is not too much then the body returns to a near-normal state. Exhaustion stage: If the stress is prolonged, the physiological systems used in alarm reaction and resistance stage become ineffective and the initial symptoms like increased heart rate, and sweating re-appear. In extreme cases, the damaged adrenal cortex leads to failure of the parasympathetic system and collapse of the bodys immune system leading to likelihood of stress related diseases like high blood pressure, asthma and heart disease. Selyes research identified major components of stress response and he alerted medicine to the importance of stress and disease. Previous researchers had not properly appreciated the damaging effects of prolonged exposure to stress. There are limitations with this research however, as Selye did not pay much attention to SAM system, and he did not understand fully the relationship between HPA and SAM systems. He also exaggerated when he stated that stress always produces the same physiological pattern. Selye has been criticised for using animals to support his research on human responses to stress. He also assumed that people respond in a passive way to stress but Mason (1975) argued that there is an active process of psychological appraisal when people confront a stressor. Workplace stress Marmot et al.s (1997) study aimed to investigate the negative correlation between job control and stress-related illness in male and female civil servants. It was assumed that job control is negatively correlated with stress-related illnesses. 10,308 civil servants between 35 and 55 years were investigated over three years and job control was measured through self-report survey and independent assessment by personnel managers. Job control was assessed on two occasions, three years apart and records of stress related illnesses kept and then a correlational analysis carried out. It was found out that those with low jobs control were four times likely to die of heart attack than those with high job control. They were also more likely to suffer from other stress-related disorders. On both occasions that job control was measured, the findings were consistent and there was a considerable association even after other factors like job demands, social support employment grade and risk factors for coronary heart disease had been accounted for. As indicated by the number of stress-related illnesses, it shows that low job control is associated with high stress. As the job control decreases, the illness increases, that is, there is an opposite social gradient in stress-related illness (negatively correlated). This however does not fully support the job-strain model because it does not show that high demand is linked to illness and the jobs performed by those high and low in job control also differed in several ways other than simply control. The self-report method is vulnerable to investigator effects and participant reactivity bias and also weaknesses of the correlational method mean that there is no control over job control as a variable and this makes interpretation difficult as the cause and effect cannot be inferred. Personality factors, including Type A behaviour Friedman and Rosemans (1974) carried out a study to test if there was any association between Type A behaviour and Coronary heart disease (CHD). They wanted to test their observations as cardiologists that their patients displayed a common behaviour pattern consisting of impatience, competitiveness and hostility. Around 3200 healthy men of 39-59 years from California were selected and assessed over 8 Â ½ years. They were interviewed, observed and personality type and current health status assessed. There was a follow-up 8 years later when CHD was recorded and a correlation analysis was carried out. 257 participants of the original sample of 3200 had developed CHD during the 8 Â ½ years 70% of whom had been classified as type A, nearly twice as many as Type Bs. This remained the same even when other factors associated with heart disease like smoking, obesity and blood pressure were taken into account. This research shows that the Type A behaviour pattern is linked to CHD and they concluded that this pattern increases the individuals experience of stress which increases physiological reactivity hence high vulnerability to CHD. The high levels of stress hormones indicate that Type A person experience more stress than Type B. The evidence has successfully been applied for example Friedman, Tordoff and Ramirez (1986) reported on the Recurrent Coronary Prevention project which aimed to modify type A behaviour and so reduce CHD in participants who had experienced a heart attack. This study has a limitation however, in that it was an experimental study and so the cause and effect cannot be established; other studies have failed to show the link between Type A and CHD. It has also proved fairly difficult to repeat the findings of Friedman and Rosenman (1974). All the above three areas show that there is a direct link between stress and illness. Stress affects people through cognitive and behavioural which lead to physiology of stress in the body hence weakened immune system and likelihood of illnesses.

Essay --

This project aims to demonstrate how multi-disciplinary coordination use in BIM can benefit the AEC (Architecture, Engineering & Construction) industry. It focuses on BIM applications for effective design analysis, productive design and coordination. BIM offers most advantages early during the design stage. Design validation co-ordination and scheduling are some of early tasks in construction. By using the data information from the design stage 3D BIM or by generating a new BIM model based on 2D design intent and specification documents, the team can start early in validating design intent constructability by performing clash detections, 3D coordination and visualization of different discipline, and by 4D modelling or construction sequencing simulation. This early task in construction is both beneficial for early construction planning and also during the construction proper stage itself. This report is to show the qualities of BIM and the influence it will have on the quantity surveying profession, through the opportunities and barriers that it brings forth, and the changes to be made and measures to be taken by quantity surveyors, in order to successfully incorporate BIM into the quantity surveying profession. 2. INTRODUCTION This assignment showcases the typical set of BIM processes from the creation of a conceptual design to tender stage. The key intention of the project assignment was set to illustrate the benefits in the Design & Planning phases of a typical construction development, with the implementation of BIM technologies and processes. The deliverable of this report is to highlight the benefits in the proper implementation of BIM into the early stages of a building lifecycle 2.1. Project Background Project L... ...onstruction. 4D Modelling is a modern approach to design and management of the building construction process. It allows effective utilization of critical resources such as labour, materials and time during the building construction life cycle. Construction projects are scheduled according to the availability of resources and depend on many external factors. As time progresses these parameters also change and hence it is important to keep a check on important activities to finish the project without any significant delays. The popular 3D building information model does not help in establishing the relationship between the schedule and sequence of construction activities to be carried out during the project execution. A 4D model incorporates time as the added 4th dimension and hence improves the quality and accuracy of the entire building life cycle management.

The functions performed by various telecommunications departments

The implementation of a telecommunications project is an intricate process that requires the input of a variety of separate units. When an organization or any institution decides to put in place an Information Technology system, it must follow a systematic procedure that begins with the determination of the fact whether the project is necessary, whether it is economically viable, how it is going to operate and be maintained and finally the interface that must be put in place to assist its users and clients.That is why there are several departments in charge. The Planning Department plays the role of qualitatively analyzing a telecommunications project. After the need for the project has been identified, it is the planning department that deliberates on the best implementation approach. There needs to be linear analysis so that the costs of project implementation can be optimized, and to ensure that the final system put in place serves the function which it was intended to; which is i ncreasing the efficiency of operations.The development department is in charge of the actual project implementation. This is usually a technical department comprised of engineers and information scientists. It is in charge of laying the actual physical infrastructure and all the other support components. The Operations department is involved with making sure that the system already put in place by the development group is functioning optimally at all times.This requires constant maintenance and upgrading to remain in phase with advances in technology. Administrative services ensures that the IT project meets required standards of privacy or any other compatibility issues that are recommended depending on the type and application of the system. This department works in close collaboration with the help desk. The help desk on its part handles any queries which may arise from users of the telecommunications system.

The Logistics of a Third-World Relief Operation

Due to the Internal cooperation and collaboration within INCUR a great amount of knowledge emerges. This knowledge, later, Is shared with other organizations (Nags). The extensive cooperation, coordination and communication are the key successful factors for the productive partnership between both of the companies. They are on the right way because frequently they organize meetings to discuss and Implement Improvements. An Important factor INCUR should consider Is to enter Into an alliance with local government and military.Military plays a crucial role in this field; he principal reason for reaching an agreement with it is that military possesses security and emergency responses. Cooperation with government can minimize cultural differences between the refugees and the personal of the organizations. While, military participation can be useful when unforeseen events, such as meteorological or political circumstances, occur (e. G. Providing airplanes in order to reduce supplies lead t imes). From the standpoint of incoming supply and storage of non-food-items (blankets, water cans, kitchen sets†¦It can be said that the unit logistic system was not able to predict the amount of goods that would arrive at the warehouse. They did not have any control over the consignments (size, deliveries times); consequently enormous obstacles are likely to arise in satisfying refugees' needs. A solution to this problem can be the implementation of a SIT system. The core of this system is to Increase the productivity through maintaining Inventories at a minimum level. Perhaps, this is a possibility for the necessity of more space than contemplated for non-food items.Thus, it would enable them to order the exact amount of food they need. On the one hand, this allows a flexible system that is able to confront unpredictable changes. On the other hand, SIT system may have some disadvantages. In some cases this system would not be able to meet unforeseen orders. The major issue th at the senior logistics officer has to face is linked to the transportation of goods. A radical change about it is necessary. Infrastructure in Rwanda Is extremely poor.Climate, bad roads conditions, non-protective nature of he labor/w;irking conditions for the drivers worsen the situation even more. With regard to the latter, a working day of 8 hours and a drivers' rotation in one Journey, are likely to force simple modifications. These modifications can lead greater operational efficiency. Transport capacities play a pivotal role in improving the management of supplies. Andrew should precisely estimate the exact number of trucks required each time: the duration of the trip, how long it takes to undead 1 OFF other related issues.Uncertain situations such as inconsistent information or cultural preferences constitute a barrier that could lead to enormous delays and unfulfilled demands. Therefore, delivering the right amount of supplies within the due dates is a task that all involve d organizations must satisfy. Moreover, assessment (e. G. Data gathering) before implementing a new relief operation is indispensable in order to build a strong plan. If an organization aims to develop an effective relief logistic system, it is essential to analyze thoroughly its investment in vulnerable transport and communication.

Toddlerhood Essays

Toddlerhood Essays Toddlerhood Paper Toddlerhood Paper Toddlers use self-control when they want something they cant have, or when they are forced Into a situation they do not want to be In. For example, a child may want a candy bar, but the caregiver refuses to give It to them Immediately. The toddler uses their ability of self-control to Walt patiently until they are allowed to have the candy bar. Psychosocial Crisis The psychosocial crisis of toddlers Is autonomy versus shame and doubt. Autonomy is a toddlers sense that they can do things on their own instead of with the assistance of the caregiver. A toddlers ability to do something on their own boosts their self-esteem in accomplishing tasks and makes them more confident in themselves later on in life. If a caregiver is supportive and praising when a toddler does something correctly on their own, the positive outcome of the psychosocial crisis for this stage of life is achieved. Shame and doubt is a toddlers sense that they cannot do anything right on their own, causing them to second-guess themselves more often that not. Shame and doubt is the negative outcome of this psychosocial rises, and it can be caused from caregivers who are not praising and supportive of their childs sense of autonomy. If, for example, the caregiver scolds the child for doing something wrong every time they attempt to complete the task, the child will not be confident in themselves whenever they try to do something on their own. Later in life, these toddlers will have a low sense of self-esteem and will always question the validity of their actions. Central Process The central process for the stage of toddlers is imitation. Toddlers use Imitation in order to best learn how to do things. A toddler may imitate an older sibling tying their shoes in order to fully learn how to tie their own shoes. Imitation can also be used for fantasy play; a child may Imitate their mother washing the dishes after observing her and how she completes the task. Coping Mechanisms The prime adaptive ego quality of this stage of life Is will. Will Is the capacity of the mind to direct and control action. Without will, toddlers would not be able to control themselves when necessary or develop a sense of autonomy. Toddlers who do not eve a strong will become adults that do not make decisions for themselves often unless otherwise directed by another. The core pathology of this life stage Is compulsion. Compulsion Is developed when toddlers do not develop a strong sense of self-control Is established. Toddlers with a low will power often give In to their compulsions, be them good or bad; toddlers may steal candy bars if they want it or hurt someone because they are not happy with teem. Compulsion can also De a sense Tanat things must time they are completed. De cone a CE rattan way every

O Captain, My Captain!

O Captain, My Captain! O Captain, My Captain! O Captain, My Captain! By Maeve Maddox Reader Cathy poses this question: Is the proper use of helm at the helm or under the helm? She gives this example of the use of the latter: The tennis team, under the helm of second-year head coach John Doe, advanced to the championship round. What we have here is the decomposition of a dead metaphor. The word helm has more than one meaning in English, but in the context of leadership it derives from a metaphorical use of this definition: helm: the handle or tiller, in large ships the wheel, by which the rudder is managed. The mariner guiding the ship stands at the helm. Metaphorically, anyone in charge of an endeavor is at the helm. The word can also be used as a verb: Early talkies were helmed by producers who had learned their trade with silent films. A new coach takes the helm. If the team he has been hired to lead is under the helm, the players must be lying about on the deck. However†¦ A search of under the helm brought two million Google hits. Clearly a lot of writers are using the expression. To answer the readers question, at the helm is the proper version, but the wide use of under the helm may signal a new incarnation of a dead metaphor. Helm may be taking on the new definition of leadership. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Rhetorical Devices for Rational Writing50 Idioms About Roads and PathsGlimpse and Glance: Same or Different?

Bone Cancer

Bone cancer is bone cancer, the cause is unknown. Researchers are working hard to find new ways and remedies for treating this type of cancer. In order to better understand new research and new treatments, some background information is presented. Bone cancer may be diagnosed as primary or secondary bone cancer. Primary bone cancer is the time when bone cancer begins to occur. Secondary cancer is diagnosed when cancer begins elsewhere and spreads to bone. For example, if someone has breast cancer, prostate cancer, or lung cancer, cancer spreads to the bone and finally develops bone cancer, it is explained as secondary bone cancer. Bone cancer is a very rare invasive cancer that causes considerable pain in the patient's bone. Bone cancer is a disease that occurs on or in the bones. In most cases, bone cancer usually contains tumors filled with abnormal cells appearing outside the bone. As with other types of cancer, bone cancer can cause a lot of pain and potentially life-threatening. My mother was diagnosed as primary bone cancer last year. And that is a long and difficult process for her and her family. Bone cancer is a malignant tumor arising from the cells that make up the bones of the body. This is also known as primary bone cancer. Primary bone tumor is a tumor that appears in the bone tissue itself and is benign or malignant (bone cancer). Benign benign (noncancerous) tumors are more common than bone cancers. When cancer occurs in bone, the cancer occurs in bone (like primary bone cancer), or it occurs in other parts and then transfers to bone (metastasis or secondary metastasis to cancer ). In fact, when cancer is detected in the bone it usually starts with another organ or part of the body and then spreads to the bone. This cancer that metastasizes to the bone is named after the name of the site where the original cancer began (for example, metastatic prostate cancer metastasized to bone). Breast cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer are types of can cers that metastasize to the bone at an advanced stage. Osteosarcoma. Osteosarcoma is the most common form of bone cancer. In this type of tumor, cancer cells make bones. This type of bone cancer most commonly occurs in children and young people, bones of feet and arms. In rare cases, osteosarcoma may occur outside bone (exoskeleton osteosarcoma) Bone cancer is a rare type of cancer derived from human bone structure. Bone cancer can occur in every human bone, but it usually occurs in the long bones of the upper limbs and lower limbs of humans. Several types of bone malignancies are known, some affect the children, others primarily affect adults (Mayo Clinic, 2015, page 1). The more common types of bone malignancies are: (A) osteosarcoma, a type of malignant tumor. Bone Cancer Bone cancer is bone cancer, the cause is unknown. Researchers are working hard to find new ways and remedies for treating this type of cancer. In order to better understand new research and new treatments, some background information is presented. Bone cancer may be diagnosed as primary or secondary bone cancer. Primary bone cancer is the time when bone cancer begins to occur. Secondary cancer is diagnosed when cancer begins elsewhere and spreads to bone. For example, if someone has breast cancer, prostate cancer, or lung cancer, cancer spreads to the bone and finally develops bone cancer, it is explained as secondary bone cancer. Bone cancer is a very rare invasive cancer that causes considerable pain in the patient's bone. Bone cancer is a disease that occurs on or in the bones. In most cases, bone cancer usually contains tumors filled with abnormal cells appearing outside the bone. As with other types of cancer, bone cancer can cause a lot of pain and potentially life-threatening. My mother was diagnosed as primary bone cancer last year. And that is a long and difficult process for her and her family. Bone cancer is a malignant tumor arising from the cells that make up the bones of the body. This is also known as primary bone cancer. Primary bone tumor is a tumor that appears in the bone tissue itself and is benign or malignant (bone cancer). Benign benign (noncancerous) tumors are more common than bone cancers. When cancer occurs in bone, the cancer occurs in bone (like primary bone cancer), or it occurs in other parts and then transfers to bone (metastasis or secondary metastasis to cancer ). In fact, when cancer is detected in the bone it usually starts with another organ or part of the body and then spreads to the bone. This cancer that metastasizes to the bone is named after the name of the site where the original cancer began (for example, metastatic prostate cancer metastasized to bone). Breast cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer are types of can cers that metastasize to the bone at an advanced stage. Osteosarcoma. Osteosarcoma is the most common form of bone cancer. In this type of tumor, cancer cells make bones. This type of bone cancer most commonly occurs in children and young people, bones of feet and arms. In rare cases, osteosarcoma may occur outside bone (exoskeleton osteosarcoma) Bone cancer is a rare type of cancer derived from human bone structure. Bone cancer can occur in every human bone, but it usually occurs in the long bones of the upper limbs and lower limbs of humans. Several types of bone malignancies are known, some affect the children, others primarily affect adults (Mayo Clinic, 2015, page 1). The more common types of bone malignancies are: (A) osteosarcoma, a type of malignant tumor.

The Trail of Your Blood in the Snow Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Trail of Your Blood in the Snow - Essay Example This research tells that one of Marquez seminal short story collections is Strange Pilgrims. While this collection contains an array of stories, one of the most indelible is ‘The Trail of Your Blood in the Snow’. This essay examines this story in terms of Marquez’s authorial techniques. One prominent consideration is Marquez’s implementation of syntax and diction. While authors such as Ernest Hemingway heralded a minimalist writing style, Marquez implements complex sentence structures. In the opening segment of the story, Marquez writes, â€Å"The Civil Guardsman, a rough wool blanket covering his patent-leather tricorn hat, examined their passports in the light of a carbide lantern as he struggled to keep his footing in the fierce wind blowing out of the Pyrenees†. This sentence is indicative of the richly-textured and descriptive sentences that are thematic throughout the story. While Marquez at-times contrasts these sentences with short and choppy statements, this remains the most dominant form of diction. Throughout the story, Marquez implements a number of notable literary elements. One such technique is the use of metaphor. In one instance, Marquez writes, â€Å"her adolescent dream pierced for the first time by lightning flashes of uncertainty†. In this instance lightning functions as a metaphor on the uncertainty that had suddenly overtaken Nena Daconte. In another instance, Marquez makes use of symbolism in the form of a saxophone. Throughout the story, Nena Daconte is characterized as having been a proficient tenor saxophone player. This character description is repeated in a number of instances and woven into the fabric of the text such that it becomes symbolic of her sexual prowess. Still, perhaps the most prominent authorial technique implemented in the story is the use of allegory. During the story, Nena pricks her finger and must enter a hospital. Billy Sanchez must then face the absurd levels of hyper-rat ionality and bureaucracy in the hospital. In this way, Marquez implements the hospital as an allegorical comment on bureaucratic structures. Eventually, Nena dies and because of this hyper-rationality, Billy is unable to be there or even be discovered.

Evidence Based Practice Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Evidence Based Practice - Coursework Example The implication is that evidence-based practice requires the clinicians to stay in touch with modest research literature and also use the information in their informed clinical decision-making processes. Moreover, EBP entails weighing values of the research evidence in relation to the clinical data and also taking into consideration the client’s informed consent. The bottom line is that clinicians should to identify what the literature recommends as the best practices and also sharing the knowledge with patients. During an emergency situation, evidenced based practice may be implemented in case a clinician has new information on how to manage and handle the health condition. Therefore, the staff plays a significant role in linking the clinical practice to the changes in the clinical research. In fact, emergency settings require more of evidence-based practice since research always bring new methods and strategies of handling health care situations and they might be even more effective than the traditional methods. According to Melnyk and Overholt (2014), clinicians engage in evidence-based practice in emergency setting when assessing wounds, injuries or other medical conditions that might require a high level of clinical

Information Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Information Studies - Essay Example Based on my readings, information literacy is the ability to know what information is needed to solve a problem, the skill to organize that information, and the intuition to know that a source of information is credible with the knowledge of where to look elsewhere. The concept of information literacy, then, is related to the epistemological problem of what is knowledge and what are the credible sources of knowledge, using modern terminology and more practical goals. For the Educational Testing Service, their assessment of Information Literacy is valid but it is not sound. The people in ETS have assumed that the population is more or less homogeneous. If that's the case, any result would be conclusive, and any mistake will like stem from an incompetent administrator of their assessment tool. However, their testing instrument is not sound since the population is more or less heterogeneous. They completely ignored the role of social classes. Different people from different classes will have different values on certain information. The better off a person, the larger is his or her social capital. This has created a digital divide. Formerly, it was just a problem of the rich getting richer and the poor getting poorer. Now, it is a problem of the rich knowing more and more by which to get richer and richer, while the poor will not learn enough to get rich or even a decent living. Until these issu Until these issues are resolved, I hold that the Educational Testing Services must revise their instrument, assumptions, and methodologies so that information literacy can be accurately and reliably measure across differently types of people in the country. 2. A group of software developers has recently published a letter to president Obama encouraging the new administration to adopt open source software in the government's IT infrastructure. Imagine what arguments they may have to support the use open source software by government agencies. What might be some of the drawbacks associated with the government's use of open source software Using the pros and cons you outline, draw your own conclusion about whether the federal government should use open source software. Arguments for the use of open source software are as follows: With the global financial crisis hitting the major economies worldwide and the US government on deficit spending, it is only logical that the government should cut costs. Government financial officials are injecting taxpayers' money to salvage ailing financial institutions, even at the risk of hyperinflation due to artificially low interest rates. It is a fact that every few years, or even months, commercial software companies like Microsoft will release updates or new versions of commercial software. If governments or corporations will like the new features, they will have to purchase updates. Hence, more costs are involved. This can be prevented through the use of open source software. Since they are free, the government could save much from potential expenditures. Besides, monopolies like Microsoft must not be tolerated. If the government could show some support to independent software developers, then true competition and capitalism could help lower the cost of commercial software. The public will benefit, and improved features can be expected. The arguments against the use of Open Source are as follows: Open Source software are not as used as commercial softwar

Definition of the Word Family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Definition of the Word Family - Essay Example The paper tells that family means a number of different things to different individuals- family may cross a number of generations, change, as a result, of certain changes in life events such as remarriage, divorce and children relocating from their parental homes, and might even span several households. In most cases, people find it easier to define a family by not how it looks or how it is structured but by its roles and functions- supporting, loving, caring and protecting those in a family. In defining a family, it is essential to realize that children and marriage are not prerequisites for the formation of a family. In the past few years, there has been a development to a boost in the amount of childless couples and smaller families, as well as, lone- person families or households. It is also critical to remember that extended families might cross or span more than one household, and that individuals living by themselves are not necessarily living without families. More and more i ndividuals are forming more than one family across their lifetime, because of the greater rates of re- partnering and separation. A number of types of families, and families at certain points in the family life- cycle, may have different needs, strength and vulnerabilities. Some of these include one- parent families, jobless families, indigenous families, families from different, diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds, families with responsibilities in caring, and families in remote and rural societies. It is clear from the points noted here that family is a complex unit that has no one specific definition (Forbes 2-34). The purpose of this article, consequently, is to draw attention to the different kinds of definitions of the family unit in regards to its functions, what it is, what it is not and according to how authorities define it. In addition to this, the paper will benefit exceedingly from examples derived from the book Journey by Sonia Nazario, which is a story about a certain family that will serve as an excellent example of what a family is and of different kinds of families. Family can be defined as the most fundamental unit. It represents individuals living together by ties of blood, marriage or adaption, therefore, representing a single household. According to sociology, the family unit as a key role of reproducing and expanding the society, both socially and biologically. There are numerous different structure of families based on the associations that exist between parents and children. There are different kinds of families present which are determined by who makes up the family. There are those families that only consist of the father and children; others are consisted of the mother and children. Other families consist of a mother, her children and other people who are in most cases derived from the mother’s family. Other families consists one or more mothers living together with their children, with other people and their spouses (Fine 65- 79). In this case, an example is the family described in the book the Journey, which at first was composed of the mother and her two children and member’s of Lourdes’ family. Relationships that exist between a family, and those that determine the type of the family, are those mainly between parents and children and they are different from culture to culture. One of the most common family types is the nuclear family. This family type is composed of the marital couple living with their children separate from other individuals. The joint family usually is the extension of the nuclear family, and exists when children of one sex stay at their parental home. In such a case, the children bring along their spouses to live with them in their parental home even after marriage (Fine 65- 79). These are only handful cases of the numerous types of families. Other kinds of families include only child families, large families, single parent families, blended families, gay an d lesbian parent

Report project for PepsiCo, INC Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Report project for PepsiCo, INC - Research Paper Example The company charged a depreciation expense of $ 1,500 million for the year ended December 26, 2009 on its property, plant and equipment while the depreciation charge for the year ended 2009 and 2007 was $ 1,422 million and $ 1,304 million respectively. These amounts do not include the amortization expense which is charged separately. The current ratio of the company gives an overview of the liquidity conditions of the company and is calculated as a proportion of the current assets of the company over the current liabilities of the company and is represented as a ratio. This ratio of the company expresses the sales that the company has generated through the use of the assets of the company and is computed by division of the revenue of the company with the total assets. This shows the efficiency of the company with respect to its assets. This ratio determines the proportions of the company debts over the availability of its equity in order to assess the company’s going concern and the performance of the company in the long-term with its reliance on debt as compared to equity. The company has a favorable working capital and liquidity ratio as the company has enough working capital as a surplus over its current liabilities to expand its business as well as a current ratio of 1.44 represents that the company is well off when it comes to meeting its short-term obligations as well as other needs. The authorized share capital of the company as at December 26, 2009 is 3,600 million shares while the company has issued 1,782 million shares to public and other stakeholders of the company as at December 26, 2009. The dividend payout ratio of the company for the year was 46.58% as company declared a dividend of $1.775 per common share compared to an EPS of $3.81 for the year 2009. This indicates that the company has distributed almost half of its profits to the common shareholders. The net cash utilized by the company for its

Information Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Information Studies - Essay Example Based on my readings, information literacy is the ability to know what information is needed to solve a problem, the skill to organize that information, and the intuition to know that a source of information is credible with the knowledge of where to look elsewhere. The concept of information literacy, then, is related to the epistemological problem of what is knowledge and what are the credible sources of knowledge, using modern terminology and more practical goals. For the Educational Testing Service, their assessment of Information Literacy is valid but it is not sound. The people in ETS have assumed that the population is more or less homogeneous. If that's the case, any result would be conclusive, and any mistake will like stem from an incompetent administrator of their assessment tool. However, their testing instrument is not sound since the population is more or less heterogeneous. They completely ignored the role of social classes. Different people from different classes will have different values on certain information. The better off a person, the larger is his or her social capital. This has created a digital divide. Formerly, it was just a problem of the rich getting richer and the poor getting poorer. Now, it is a problem of the rich knowing more and more by which to get richer and richer, while the poor will not learn enough to get rich or even a decent living. Until these issu Until these issues are resolved, I hold that the Educational Testing Services must revise their instrument, assumptions, and methodologies so that information literacy can be accurately and reliably measure across differently types of people in the country. 2. A group of software developers has recently published a letter to president Obama encouraging the new administration to adopt open source software in the government's IT infrastructure. Imagine what arguments they may have to support the use open source software by government agencies. What might be some of the drawbacks associated with the government's use of open source software Using the pros and cons you outline, draw your own conclusion about whether the federal government should use open source software. Arguments for the use of open source software are as follows: With the global financial crisis hitting the major economies worldwide and the US government on deficit spending, it is only logical that the government should cut costs. Government financial officials are injecting taxpayers' money to salvage ailing financial institutions, even at the risk of hyperinflation due to artificially low interest rates. It is a fact that every few years, or even months, commercial software companies like Microsoft will release updates or new versions of commercial software. If governments or corporations will like the new features, they will have to purchase updates. Hence, more costs are involved. This can be prevented through the use of open source software. Since they are free, the government could save much from potential expenditures. Besides, monopolies like Microsoft must not be tolerated. If the government could show some support to independent software developers, then true competition and capitalism could help lower the cost of commercial software. The public will benefit, and improved features can be expected. The arguments against the use of Open Source are as follows: Open Source software are not as used as commercial softwar

Report project for PepsiCo, INC Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Report project for PepsiCo, INC - Research Paper Example The company charged a depreciation expense of $ 1,500 million for the year ended December 26, 2009 on its property, plant and equipment while the depreciation charge for the year ended 2009 and 2007 was $ 1,422 million and $ 1,304 million respectively. These amounts do not include the amortization expense which is charged separately. The current ratio of the company gives an overview of the liquidity conditions of the company and is calculated as a proportion of the current assets of the company over the current liabilities of the company and is represented as a ratio. This ratio of the company expresses the sales that the company has generated through the use of the assets of the company and is computed by division of the revenue of the company with the total assets. This shows the efficiency of the company with respect to its assets. This ratio determines the proportions of the company debts over the availability of its equity in order to assess the company’s going concern and the performance of the company in the long-term with its reliance on debt as compared to equity. The company has a favorable working capital and liquidity ratio as the company has enough working capital as a surplus over its current liabilities to expand its business as well as a current ratio of 1.44 represents that the company is well off when it comes to meeting its short-term obligations as well as other needs. The authorized share capital of the company as at December 26, 2009 is 3,600 million shares while the company has issued 1,782 million shares to public and other stakeholders of the company as at December 26, 2009. The dividend payout ratio of the company for the year was 46.58% as company declared a dividend of $1.775 per common share compared to an EPS of $3.81 for the year 2009. This indicates that the company has distributed almost half of its profits to the common shareholders. The net cash utilized by the company for its

Ethical Leadership and How to Create a Positive Work Environment Essay Example for Free

Ethical Leadership and How to Create a Positive Work Environment Essay Leadership nowadays has encountered various problems. One of the most common one and which is contaminating the main business environment is that individuals at work are not engaging as they should. We have to ask ourselves, why is this happening and how can we prevent it? Dr. Charmine Hartel commented in the seminar that almost 20% of all the active workers in every organization do not work in favor of it. Instead they engage against the organization in various ways. This is a really big issue, because this means that there is something happening inside the organization and its leadership that is making these counter-productive acts. Recent researches that have been made show us that there are 3 different things that usually happens in the organization that get the workers to engage in a bad way their work as they should. * Work Environment * Negative Work Environment * Stress When the brain is under stress chemicals are released that weakens functions of the brain that gives us a higher level of structure (this is called the prefrontal cortex). When stressed, we are likely to engage inappropriate actions and lack the ability to regulate our emotions. With this in mind, we are encountering serious problems for the organization, because if these workers don’t have the use of their brain area they are not going to be able to engage the work they can and should do. Ethical Leadership The fruits of ethical leadership are Positive Work Environments, also known as PWE’s. PWEÂ ´s exists when the workers see their places as positive, respectful, inclusive and psychologically safe, and when leaders and coworkers are trustworthy and there exist an open diversity characterized in just policies and decision making. The entire above are needed to complete and get a PWE. PWE provides the set of emotional experiences necessary for human flourishing. We know that on average the positive emotional experiences outweigh the negative emotional ones. So, with this in mind, when you see your environment is safeyou have the ability to start being more creative and start being yourself. We should always keep in mind that an emotion is a response of the person when they have a particular event. They can have Destructive or constructive consequences. Organizations are responsible for the work environment they create. This is called the organization culture. When people and how the people interpreted the environment around their workplace. This is about how the organization context shapes the meaning and actions of its members. People management have the need to build resilience, diversity openness and be able to create a support to people trough change. There always exists the need to belong and to be valued for our uniqueness. Servant Leadership Many leadership approaches think about other things and focus their attention on what the followers need and develop things around them. Its an approach around the about the energy and direct it to the best place. With that in mind looking at the person as a whole being, not just as one more worker. One of the key things is that they can understand the core value of the workers and respect them as they deserve. There exist the emotion focus coping and problem focused coping they both have constructive and destructive emotions and impulses. The Giving Voice of Values (GVV) is designed to help individuals learn to recognize, clarify, speak and act on themselves when those conflicts arise. The focus is on how a manager raises this issues in an effective way.

Ownership of Property in Islamic Law

Ownership of Property in Islamic Law Abstract Property ownership has been highly debated in recent years especially when it comes to women. The case of Muslim women has been alarming in certain Islamic countries because though women are allowed to own property some traditions when put together with some Islamic Laws are highly restricting womens ownership property. Property in this light includes land, house and other tangible properties. This paper based on illustrating the different sources of property acquisition which has been hindered due to, in most case deliberate confusion of Islamic laws and customary laws which had restricted the ownership of property by Muslim women in different Islamic regions. INTRODUCTION Women in many countries still face inequality at home, in their communities and the society at large. They are usually left in the background because of state laws, customary laws and religious beliefs. This inequality also affects their right of property ownership. The rights of women to own, inherit, manage and dispose of property whether tangible or intangible has been minimized by individuals, customs and laws in many countries of the world today. These women who most often constitutes a greater population of the country, are not give the opportunity to own land, houses, cars, bank account, cattle, crops and many other forms of property. Womens right to property most often depends on the relationship they share with men around them. Religion too has also had an impact on the ownership of property by women when put together with customary beliefs. These two when put together in extreme cases greatly limits the right of a women to own property. Religion has been interpreted to the detriment of the Islamic woman but to the advantage of the Islamic man. These several interpretation of Islam under different customary laws has reduced the rights of women to own property. This paper therefore brings out the role of Muslim religion on the ownership of property by Muslim women. Examine what the Islamic religion says about women owning property and what is the real situation at hand. That is how the Islamic religion is integrated with tradition and state law and its impact on the ownership of property by Muslim women in Muslim regions. The Role of Islam in Property Ownership amongst Muslim Women Historically, the Quran acknowledges the right of women to own property. The Quran explains important post held by women during the period of the prophet which made them to acquire property. In general terms the Islamic law allows women to hold, use and dispose of property but when you go into details the terms become very complicated and this therefore restrict these women. The Islamic law acknowledges the fact that a woman should be given what she earns and which can be a mans when she willingly transfers it to the man. But when we consider the fact that Muslim women are suppose to be very reserve, their right of property ownership which can be gained only when they are exposed is restricted. To own a property in any form means you need to manage this property and this management cannot be adequately established in the private space you need the public space. The following analyses discuss the different ways in which property can be acquired but which women are being restricted in societies where Islam and tradition are being practiced in extremes. Inheritance In Islam the man is considered the head of the family and has the right to own property. Inheritance which is a form of property ownership highly favors the man. Though women have the right to inherit property of a deceased member of their family, their own share is usually half of what the man inherits. Though women have the right to inherit from their father, it is usually two shares for men and one for women. They believe that women do not have any obligation to take care of the family as the men do, therefore the men should be given more. In most traditional Islamic countries the combination of customary and Islamic law against women concerning this issue makes women to be totally refused the right of property ownership. For them since these women do not take care of the family, they should not be given the right to own any property. Also in most law courts like in Northern Nigeria where Islam is practiced, the right of women to inherit property is denied by some judges though Is lam accepts these rights. Most often, the inheritance is done in theory and not in practices. The women are just told that they have been assigned this portion of property which in most cases is never given to them. Property ownership is consider as a mans business since women are considered to be dependent and weak and needs the support of a man to handle property issues. Annelies Moors (1995) also explains that while in Islamic law women have inheritance rights, these then are generally more limited than those of men. This she explains that, looking into the shares of the widows and daughters, the male preference is usually very clear. This is because, in the case where the husband dies it is difficult for the woman to inherit the husbands property because she can get married to another man or better still she is suppose to stay under the protection of the men in the husbands family be it her sons or the husbands brothers. According to Islam, wives are entitled to one-eighth of the property of their husband s when the deceased husbands have children and to one-fourth if they are childless while daughters on the other hand are entitled to only half the share of their brothers share. Also, when there is an only daughter she gets half of the deceased fathers property and the rest goes to the fathers male relatives while an only son gets the entire property of the deceased father showing a biased against these women. This is because the property the woman with children owns goes to her children especially if they are boys and if she does not get married, she is given less and most often refused because she can be remarried. The case of a childless woman is worst because she is left with nothing as property even if she contributed in the acquisition of the property. Also, owning a property means giving the woman an upper hand and changing her private space to a public space. A woman is suppose to be very reserve in her private space and not exposed by owning property to the public space which is considered a mans space. This perception is different with urban and rural Muslim women. Annelies Moors (1995), discusses that although the women in both area knew their rights of property ownership, some those in the urban areas accepted their own share of the estate but most in the rural areas stayed retrained from acquiring their own shares. This I believe was the result of their customary law in those rural areas which prohibited them. Education Education is a form of property acquisition because when you are educated you are exposed to issues of knowing your rights. In most parts of Africa where Islam is practiced, the number of girls going to school has been relatively low compared to the Christian areas. The people do not see the need of educating the girl child since she is believed to be the property of the man. Education is not a priority but early marriages are encouraged. Going to school is meant for the boys who will eventually become a family head and needs education and property to take care of the family. This is very common with Muslims especially in the rural areas who strongly believe in their customary and Islamic laws. Most of them are not aware of any state law or international human rights laws or even the Islamic which give them the right to own property. Vanessa Maher (1974), explains that Berbers in Morocco equivalent of seclusion, and preserving family honor intact in keeping their girl child at home s ince schools are considered as a corrupting influence and giving access to the public sphere making education very irrelevant. Work According to the Islamic law, women are allowed to work but this is usually under certain circumstances and under very strict conditions. In many Islamic countries, job opportunities for women and men are not the same. They are not given equal opportunities because women are highly restricted from public life. A woman is not supposed to work alone with a man because according to the Quran they might be tempted. A woman is not supposed to do any job that will expose her honor of womanhood but she is supposed to remain modest. Islam generally recommends that women stay at home and take care of the home. When Vanessa Maher carried out her field work on Women and Property in morocco in 1974, she pointed out that women do not work for wages because their participation in the public sphere is considered immoral. This alone prohibits these women from doing anything that will make them acquire property. Also the man has is oblarged according to Islam to uphold his obligation of maintaining t he woman. The husband is responsible for maintaining his wife and the entire family not the other way round even when the wife has the means, so this also discourages Muslim women from working. According to the Islamic law, women are allowed to work but this is usually under certain circumstances and under very strict conditions. In many Islamic countries, job opportunities for women and men are not the same. They are not given equal opportunities because women are highly restricted from public life. A woman is not supposed to work alone with a man because according to the Quran they might be tempted. A woman is not supposed to do any job that will expose her honor of womanhood but she is supposed to remain modest. Islam generally recommends that women stay at home and take care of the home. When Vanessa Maher carried out her field work on Women and Property in morocco in 1974, she pointed out that women do not work for wages because their participation in the public sphere is considered immoral. This alone prohibits these women from doing anything that will make them acquire property. Also the man has is oblarged according to Islam to uphold his obligation of maintaining t he woman. The husband is responsible for maintaining his wife and the entire family not the other way round even when the wife has the means, so this also discourages Muslim women from working. Even the dower and maintenance gift in which the woman is entitled to be given to her for marriage is only owned by her in theory and not in practice. Annelies Moors 1995 when she carried out her research in Palestine explained that younger village women rarely expressed an interest in selling their gold (which was their dower) to buy productive property; they would rather invest it in their husband and his house. This is because when she gets married to the man this property automatically goes back to the man since he is supposed to control the familys resources. At times the dower and maintenance gift are orally given through promises and the woman never receives it. The dower is gradually losing its value because most contemporary Muslim women will prefer their husbands to invest his resources in the up keep of the family. They do not really care about the dower especially in the urban areas. More so, in case of divorce since the wife does not have any right of property compensation or sharing all what was given to her as dower is taken by the husband. This is because, during marriage the properties she contributes to the family are not regarded as hers but the husbands property. Annelies Moors (1995), in her research in Palestine explains that women no longer sell their gold dower to buy productive property because independent female ownership of such property clashes with their definition as dependent wives. They instead use it to invest in their families therefore reducing their access to property. CONCLUSION Though efforts are being made to enhance property ownership by Muslim women, this issue is more complicated in the rural areas since there are strong customary laws which restrict women. When these customary laws are put together with the Islamic laws, these women are completely isolated in the ownership of property. This is because there is a deliberate confusion between Islamic laws and customary law by men which suppress a womans right of owning property making the customary law to predominate. Actual control of property has still remained in hands of the men. Womens less right of property according to Islamic thoughts is seen to be compensated with the fact that they are under the custody of the men. Property is considered as power, and the more property you own the more powerful you are. REFERENCES DUPRET, B., BERGER, M., Al-ZWAINI, L. (Eds.), Legal Pluralism in the Arab World, The Hague, Kluwer International, 1999 ROSEN, L. (2000): The Justice of Islam. Comparative Perspectives on Islamic Law and Society, Oxford U.P Vanessa Maher (1974); Women and Property in Morocco: The Changing Relation to the Process of Social Stratification in the Middle Atlas. Cambridge University Press. Annelies Moors (1995); Women Property and Islam: Palestinian Experience 1920-1990. Cambridge Middle East Ngonà © Diop Tine and Mohamadou Sy (2003): Women and Land in Africa: A case Study from Senegal.

Donne’s Poem Death Be Not Proud :: Death Be Not Proud Essays

Donne’s Poem Death Be Not Proud In the poem "Death Be Not Proud," written by John Donne death is personified. The personification of death creates a feeling that death is less powerful than we think. Donne creates and image of death that is not mysterious, not in control, and a slave of low status. He does this by undermining the idea of death as bound to the rules of "fate, chance, kings, and desperate men." He insists that death is no more powerful than any mortal is. Suggesting that death is not mysterious is the word slave. Directed to death, "thou art slave" forms an unthreatening stance of death because slaves are not threatening. This is due to the connections that go with the word slave. A slave is bound in submission to a master therefore having no say in what he or she can do. Death, in being personified into a slave that has many masters, is more extremely bound. This lack of freedom that death has in choosing its victims takes away any reason to be fearful of it. Power comes from being able to control something. Here death is the one being controlled by other outside forces that have power over how and when death can do its work. Death casts fear into mortals because it is unknown as to what happens in the afterworld. This poem creates a sense that we know who death is. For example we can see how death is a poor beggar on the street. This would make death a non-threatening person. He is a low class citizen that is just waiting for an opportunity to feast when his master allows. Donne produces this low-life death figure by associating him with "poison, war, and sickness." These are all things that less fortunate mortals deal with on a daily basis. These are dreadful things that are not good. Death personified is subject to these horrible circumstances therefore is very low in stature. If death can only reap his vengeance with such low standards governing him, then death is as low as what he works for. Death becomes less mysterious and something which we are not afraid of.

Restriction Enzyme Analysis :: Papers

Restriction Enzyme Analysis Research question: Using only the information from these experiments calculate the number and size of the fragments that would be made using BAMH1 restriction enzyme, and calculate the migration distances of the various fragments. Restriction enzyme used Base pairing fragments Distance Travelled (cm)* Log of base pairs* Example My Group ECO R1 (6 fragments) 21226 7421 5804 5643 4878 3530 1.4 2.0 2.3 2.5 2.9 - 1.7 2.0 2.2 2.3 - - 4.3 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.5 HIND III (7 fragments) 23130 9416 6682 4361 2322 2027 564 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.7 3.5 3.7 5.8 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.3 2.9 3.1 - 4.4 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.3 2.8 Predicted figures from my graph BAM H1 (6 fragments) 16842 7233 6770 6527 5626 5504 1.3 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.8 4.2 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.7 Results *All figures in table are to 2s.f. I chose to calculate the log of the base pairs because the numbers vary significantly, making it difficult to plot on a graph. By doing this you can put the values into perspective for easy comparison. I will only use the example on my graph, as my results are unclear and inaccurate. I measured the distance from the edge of the gel, where the well ended to the centre of each fragment.

The Witness Paper Essay

There is no better manner to understand an event than to see it first-hand. History is an imperfect thing. and as narratives are passed down. people forget their true significance. In â€Å"The Witness† . Katherine Anne Porter’s â€Å"Uncle Jimbilly† has experienced the horrors of bondage personally. and is frustrated when kids of the following coevals do non to the full understand and esteem the subject. The manner Porter describes these characters subtly shows the reader their feelings toward each other. Direct word picture may non be the most elusive signifier. but it rapidly and expeditiously gets a point across. The kids are given descriptions like. â€Å"flighty† . â€Å"thoughtful† . and â€Å"sad looking† . This brief word picture causes one to see the kids merely as guiltless immature heads. Uncle Jimbilly is described as an old adult male who â€Å"hobbles on a stick† with light-green grey. flocculent hair. He is â€Å"bent about double† from old ages spent bowing over things. This reflects his former life as a slave. He has clearly lived a long. difficult life. and his battered organic structure shows us this. Indirect word picture helps to supply a deeper apprehension of a character. Through the inquiries the kids have for Uncle Jimbilly. particularly the younger two. Porter demonstrates their artlessness farther. â€Å"The kids thought Uncle Jimbilly had got over his bondage really good. † This outlook creates some inquiries the kids believe to be harmless ; they do non to the full understand the emotional strain Uncle Jimbilly faces. However. with his responses. the reader comprehends his true feelings on the affair. Maria asks him to carve â€Å"Safe in Heaven† on the gravestone for her coney. At her inquiry Uncle Jimbilly grows impatient and continues to reminisce about the male childs in the swamp and the unjust ways they were treated. This highlights the acrimonious feelings he has toward his yesteryear and the fact that the kids do non understand his agony. Katherine Anne Porter’s usage of word picture leaves the reader with a character many beds deep. She displays their colourss in a manner which highlights the implicit in subject in â€Å"The Witness† . The generational spread between Uncle Jimbilly and the kids is portrayed throughout the narrative and Uncle Jimbilly’s past of bondage is used as vehicle to stress this spread. Younger coevalss will ne'er to the full understand their ancestors’ lives. merely as coevalss to come will non understand theirs.

Destination: Costa Rica Essay

Folks, in just a short while, you will all be going to Switzerland. Yes, you heard me right, Switzerland. If you think you are in the wrong group of tourists, then you are mistaken because you are all going to the Switzerland of Central America, Costa Rica. Indeed Costa Rica has sometimes been likened to Switzerland because of the nation’s â€Å"comfortable lifestyle, peaceful democracy and overwhelming natural beauty† (Firestone et. al 20). Furthermore, Costa Rica is home to over four million Ticos – this is what Costa Ricans call themselves. You can consider yourselves lucky to have the opportunity to get a taste of what Costa Rica offers because this country is known to be the most user-friendly nation in Central America. This means plenty of cheap buses that can take you to the most beautiful tourist spots, several accommodations waiting to make you feel at home, and a multitude of decent eateries and restaurants in most corners of the country. However, since Costa Rica boasts of a higher standard of living compared to its neighboring countries, prices tend to be slightly higher. Yet do not fret, this only means you are certain to experience quality goods and services throughout the country (Firestone et. al 20-22). Moreover, Costa Rica is the third smallest country in Central America, with a land area of 19,730 square miles. It is actually a bit smaller than West Virginia so you can visit all the places in your itinerary in just a short period of time. Furthermore, the country is bounded by Nicaragua in the north, Panama in the south and southeast, the Caribbean Sea in the northeast, and the Pacific Ocean in the west and southwest. It is further defined by three geographical regions, namely, the Pacific lowlands with steep cliffs and narrow white beaches; the central highlands with temperate and populous basins; and the Caribbean lowlands with flat plains and flowing streams. Though this naturally rich country is a tropical one, the best time to visit is in the summer or â€Å"verano† by the end of the year. Nonetheless, if you wish to know what their wet season feels like, then go there in the middle of the year to experience winter or â€Å"invierno. In addition, whether in â€Å"verano† or in â€Å"invierno,† one can never go wrong with Costa Rica’s flora and fauna. Tropical rainforests, tropical dry forests, and coastal vegetations, and various species of amphibian and reptiles, mammals, birds, and insects (Foley & Cooke, 7-17) – these just depict the beauty and richness nature blessed Costa Rica with. Looking back in time, the Spanish were the first to be captivated by t his richness. In fact, they optimistically referred to the country as the â€Å"Rich Coast† when they began settling in the region in 1522, thinking that it holds several gold and other mineral reserves. Yet they only found little and so they shifted to agriculture. Moreover, together with other provinces in Central America, Costa Rica declared independence from Spain in 1821, after almost three centuries of ruling. These newly-independent provinces formed an alliance. Because of border disputes though, the federation failed to thrive so Costa Rica withdrew and declared its sovereignty in 1838. The years that followed were smooth-sailing with a peaceful democracy beginning in 1899. This positive development persists up to this very day with only two notable disruptions – one in 1917-19 when Federico Tinoco governed with dictatorship and the other in 1948 when Jose Figueres led an armed uprising following a doubtful presidential election (US Department of State). Hence, Costa Rica has since been peaceful, not to mention, progressive. A close look at its economy would reveal that it has enjoyed a stable economic growth before the global economic crisis. Instrumental to this growth are the country’s export commodities such as coffee, sugar, and beef as well as the widening trade of industrial and specialized agricultural products. Moreover, Costa Rica has kept its 15 to 20 percent poverty rate for almost 20 years. In addition, foreign investors are attracted to enter the country because of its political stability, high quality of education, and fiscal incentives. Needless to say, tourists like you, who are attracted to the rich biodiversity of the country, contribute greatly to the economy as ecotourism continues to develop and strengthen (Central Intelligence Agency). This ecotourism of Costa Rica is in fact one of the country’s fastest improving sector (Tourist Spots Organization). In fact, the government has signed various trade agreements with other countries. Who knows, this trip of yours may be a product of one of those agreements. So once you land in Costa Rica, either through the international airport Juan Santamaria in San Jose or the Daniel Oduber in Liberia (Costa Rica Tourism), your first instinct would be to go directly to that tourist spot of your choice. Well in this case Costa Rica has plenty, from national parks to mountains and volcanoes, from beaches to cultural sites – Costa Rica has these options and more that would suit various tastes. For those who want to head out straight to the waters, Cocos Island and Puerto Viejo Beach are just two options. A choice of water sports such as kayaking, surfing, and scuba diving as well as rich marine life await visitors in these top spots. For those who wish to witness the natural wonder of the country at its best, try Tortuguero National Park and Tenorio Volcano National Park. For the nature lovers, a trip to Poas Volcano to see the two crater lakes may be an option. For the adventurous ones, rock climbing and hiking in Chirripo Mountain may be the perfect activities. For the animal lovers, Monteverde Reserve, which houses the extinct gold toad as well as squirrels, wild pigs, and porcupines, may just be the right place. For those who want to see two attractive spots in one location, the Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, which comprises of the Junquillal Bay Wildlife Refuge and the Rincon de la Vieja National Park, may be the best spot. For those who wish to spend a quiet time in the city, the Teatro Nacional de Costa Rica may offer the peace you long for (Tourist Spots Organization). However, in visiting these marvelous tourist spots, it is important that you get to know Ticos in order to deal with them well. For one, they opt to think small, go slow, and avoid risks, anxiety, and overwork. They also put high value to their families and tend to give them favored treatments. They likewise have a strong belief on equality than most Latin Americans and further hold a strong sense of personal honor and dignity regardless of their social status. Hence, it is very important to note that you need to avoid embarrassing another person especially in public. Moreover in decision-making, a consensus is more likely to happen, which sometimes slows down the process. Hence, showing of impatient attitude is discouraged and lowers credibility. Furthermore, as time and deadlines may be flexible, be tolerant and understanding of delays and put in mind that courtesy and enjoyment are more important than time. Remember to address Ticos properly with Mr. /Senor, Mrs. Senora, or Miss/Senorita plus the last name. Also, avoid resting your feet on any furniture but footstools. Finally, when you decide to head out to the beach, shorts for men will do while too much revealing clothes for women will not (qtd. in Tacey, 1-3). With these, I hope you now have a clear picture of what your tour to the Switzerland of Central America will be like; yet no lecture or discussion of the place would surpass the real thing. So make the most out of what Costa Ri ca can offer and be sure to enjoy.

Bebop And Free Jazz And Fusion Music Essay

Bebop And Free Jazz And Fusion Music Essay To begin with, there are numerous variations between your types of awesome, hard-bop, bebop, free-jazz, and blend. While awesome may be the many soothing and comforting bebop appears to be probably the most elaborate using its inconsistent tempos. While free-jazz may be the less limited about the hand, hard-bop may be the many brassy trumpets, and flow part. Free-jazz displays no recently established guidelines, and no limitations, no type. Blend is just a mixture between stone and punk, quite simply, blend displays results, severe digital use, and synthesizers, to punk things in addition. Bebop changed jazz to innovative art-music from trendy party music. Within the 1940s, bebop appeared to have appeared a sudden all, however it had really been creating for quite some time. While an alto saxophonist, Art Pepper heard a bop saving, it totally overwhelmed him. The bebop piece's records swung, and are fast, technical elaborative. The faculties of bebop contain inconsistent tempos, arbitrary tunes, in addition to reharmonization replacement. Bebop set more focus on solos that are substantial. A saving by Dizzy Gillespie and His Band, Manteca, includes a several traits of bebop. Nevertheless, Manteca's tempos are exceptionally slow or slow. Within this saving, Gillespie produced the Afro Cuban design a percussionist of the conga, alongside Chano Pozo. Manteca includes yell and phenomenal trumpet solos - delicate although like words of the term "Manteca". The "Manteca" yelling in a variety of arbitrary areas of the saving is very humorous. Within the launch, numerous devices start its playing together, like metal, bongos and the bass. Particularly, the sound high-pitched and very interesting. Dizzy Gillespie's trumpet solos are extremely wonderful. Obviously, there's phone-and-reaction between other devices and the metal area. You will find improvised solos within the link with each chorus. This recording seems happy, marketplace- like. The agreement in Manteca is very magnificent. Manteca seems Cuban-like, hot, and enthusiastic. Another bebop recording by the Reboppers of Charlie Parker is deemed among the bebop recording. The saving, Koko is intense and confusing, in notes which are constructed on the move recording named Cherokee and which shows characteristics. Just like a common bebop saving, Koko shows solos that are substantial. The preparations are simple. Charlie Parker displays an exceptional talent that just several saxophonists can fit. The piano-playing is very unnoticeable, however it performs lightly and leisurely within the history. The drums simply characterizes alongside Gillespieis trumpet mutes/violin playing and Parker sax playing. Parker performs in this lightening method in his alto sax, it is incredible. The tempos in Koko are inconsistent, that makes it particularly hard to check out. Koko's virtuosity seems uncontrolled. Actually, the tunes are innovative, although very unknown. Bass and the capture drum playing by Max Roach at 2: 07 is not typical since it performs in individual. Ge neral, Koko is definitely an enjoyable saving that displays plainly inconsistent looking tunes and quick tempos. Shifting along, Boplicity is just an awesome/westcoast style. Boplicity includes hardly any active contrasts or any blues affect. Unlike bebop, Boplicity is soothing and a lot more enjoyable. The solos are vibrant and somewhat significant. The tempos of an awesome that is typical /westcoast design are reasonable having a sedative perspective. The horn area in Boplicity is gentle and nimble, nothing like the hard-bop recording's brassiness. At:59, a distinction from fragile outfits of the horn goes to some tone that's a little less inadequate in the saxophone . Agreement and the tune of Boplicity is reasonably elaborate. The horn collection is large and wealthy in consistency. Boplicity displays an improvised audio, though its importance is about the preparations. AT-1:36, Davis trumpet solos with quality. Tune and the entire tone of Boplicity is beneficial and gentle, never unstable and intense. Boplicity may be them all's most comforting. Hard-bop is just a design that displays a tough- unstable and ridden audio from metal tools, like the horns and trumpets. Hard-bop faculties is just a distinction to cool west design that is cool. Hard-bop contains impacts from gospel and blues and places more emphasis. Unlike bebop's difficulty, hard-bop is very simple. Backstage Sally, a saving by the Jazz Messengers and also Art Blakey is just a hard-bop item that shows brassy sound and a powerful dance. The start begins like defeat - with horns playing as well as drums in a mix. The drums' character is extremely enthralling; particularly, drums are heavy-hitting. From hard-hitting to reasonable the drums contrasts. Unlike the tunes that are other, the drum within this hard-bop saving is particularly apparent. AT-1:03, tenor sax solos perform within an oral method. Trombone, the trumpet, along with other metal instruments perform within an method that is brassy, actually the back ground riffs are brassy that is apparent. Obviously , there's phone-and-reaction between your flow part and front-line devices. General, Backstage Sally is bluesy, lively, and seriously brassy. Consequently, hard-bop is powerful and mainly brassy -sense design. Similar to Backstage Sally, a tough bop item from the Charles Mingus Septet, Party Stop Mix is aswell. The start is mainly brassy using the horns. Boogie Stop Mix displayis 12-club blues in a playing method that is fast. The bass performs with ostinato riffs, while violin performs in a method. The horns play in a dissonant, although pointed noise; the horns will be different and distinction from appearing just like a bebop-design to hard-bop. The bass-line is specially mainly performed throughout. At 2:24, you will find high pitched solos in the drum. At 3:20, the alto saxophone allows a touching squeal out. Though, Backstage Sally does not be sounded nearly brassy as by this saving, it nevertheless the metal of display -like looks, particularly the start. Boogie Stop Mix is just a quick performed 12-club blues item with bass riffs and exemplary horns. Free-jazz type is dependant on splitting rules that were audio, in the place of establishing rules; of enjoying without limitations in Free-Jazz the impact is substantial. Unlike another styles jazz displays no type improvisations like this of New Orleans punk, and atonality, dissonance, in the event of blues abandonment. Free-Jazz includes abundant- excellent power, consistency, and playing. Two free that is remarkable jazz tracks are "World Evening" documented from the Ornette Coleman Fraction and "Cap and Mustache" documented from the Eric Dolphy Quintet. World Evening, the saving, is humorous, very lively, and fast paced. Coleman displays excitement and enthusiasm . Almost all the devices found in World Evening performs in not really move and a quick method -like. At:24, there's unaccompanied combined improvisation from trumpet and the sax, producing an oral noise. Trumpet and the alto sax appears to be speaking with one another like audio - in squall. More considerably, the alto trumpet and sax perform in wail-like, method that is strange. At:27, Cherry performs his trumpet with eccentricity and expressiveness. The flow part looks glistening particularly due to the continuous sharp ride cymbals produced in the drums. The cymbals are continual throughout creating an ostentatious- . AT-1:20, the drums stop enjoying to get a second, as the alto sax performs improvised solos with complement from low-walking bass-line. From 1:35 towards Civilization's end, the sharp ride cymbals from drums may re-emerge perform and persistently there exists a bass-line too. General, World is just a lively free and really lively jazz recording. Likewise, in Mustache and Cap, the speed is quick. In Mustache and Cap, numerous devices were used, including Dolphyis tight solos in the bass clarinet. Nevertheless, the violin was dumped within this recording. Feelings were found in Mustache and Cap to create up for the piano's lack. The feelings is effective at producing a sound noise. The improvisation is remarkable and very attractive. Dolphy displays creativity and expressiveness by having an apparent understanding of arrangements. Its impact on fresh punk and hard-bop is not indistinguishable within the saving. The speed is fairly move-like. The feelings enter having a strolling bass-line that seems humorous, at:47. The bass performs regularly through the saving in a structure that is continual. Drums and the feelings performs alongside one another in assistance. The feelings is substantial towards this recording's audio; the charm is absolutely added to by the feelings. AT-1:26, Dolphy shows odd solos on bass clarinet produci ng an unusual, wail-like, and enjoyable audio. The feelings are constant throughout because it appears once in awhile. The trumpet solos are comforting and moderate using the bass. The trumpet solos seem much like a these used in an awesome that is typical /punk westcoast design. Obviously, free-jazz doesn't use an audio type. For me, free-jazz seems fascinating and really unusual. Free-jazz artists appear to perform nonetheless they experience. Free-jazz displays uncomfortable playing for example, the wail-like sound, from numerous devices. Free-jazz plainly retains improvisation and creates awkward sounds. Unlike hard-bop, small metal sound is contained by free-jazz. Bitches Brew, the impressive saving, is definitely a perfect instance of the rock and punk blend. Miles Davis built a sizable group for this saving, that will be roughly a-12 gifted team. Blend design is not very indistinct from prior designs, due to the fact of electronics' use. Within this saving, there's evidently large utilization of results and digital devices having a minor decrease and mixture of punk things. A few of the digital devices used in this saving were electronic violin and the electronic bass guitar. Bitches Brew's start is very magnificent, particularly enjoying from percussionists and the electrical pianos. A rock like defeat and rhythm is utilized in the place of a move-like punk tempo. The drums perform in an energetic and cool way. The shaker creates the conga, in addition to an incredibly lively audio regularly throughout. At: Davisis trumpet playing, 41 includes business results, which creates an echo- . Our first thought after I first noticed this trumpet ma tch-audio is in a far more eccentrically method, although the fact that it seems like a battle horn coming simultaneously. This trumpet match-like impact creates a particularly appealing sound and is noisy. AT-1:31, virtually every device appears to collide together, making a much more remarkable audio; this crash one of the numerous devices appears to be a continuing design. AT-1:49, trumpets play in a short, parallel method. Some other results could be noticed within this saving, including the finger-snapping in the 2 of Davis:51 mark. In the 2, the bass ostinato is performed additionally:51 mark, like the ostinato found in the Footprints of Miles Davis Quintet. The ostinato creates a brief, strong and rhythmic expression. It's apparent the results profoundly improved the horn playing of Davis. The bass clarinet doesn't appear with achievement to solo, but rather performs simply because of its tone color. An interesting noise is generated by a mixture of critical results. There's a comprehensive solo part by Kilometers at 3:54, while additional devices may continuously increase with an increase of pressure to its maximum. Whilst the devices appear to perform altogether in a far more peaceful approach at this time, the devices consider an entirely distinct change. In Bitches Brew, the objective of Distance appears to tackle a approach, since percussionists were used. Bitches Brew creates a power sense, like this of the blend design attribute. General, these designs are extremely interesting. I'm most fascinated by free-jazz and blend. The looks of the free-jazz recording audio not uncommon, but uninteresting. Blend may be the most stirring. Probably the most soothing design to hear would not be warm /westcoast punk because of enjoying and its gentle tone. Probably the danceable and most powerful design could be hard-bop due to the hard-hitting on drums, bluesy guitar noise. These styles each are distinctive and unique in its approach.

Legal Systems and Ethical Standards Research Paper

Legal Systems and Ethical Standards - Research Paper Example This paper gives an in depth analysis of the legal and ethical standards in the two countries. For an international company wishing to do business in a foreign country it needs to familiarize itself with the legal and ethical standards that regulate the operations of its business line. This mainly focuses on the commercial laws which are known as the law of merchants, intellectual property, commercial paper, business association, private maritime law and bankruptcy (JURIST, 2010). The industrial property law is stipulated in The Paris Treaty and covers matters including unfair competition, trademarks, patents and industrial designs. To incorporate a business in Greece the company must receive approval from the Chamber of Commerce and Industry, pay tax to the local tax authority and register with all other relevant bodies in the country. The legal system in the United States has led to the emergence of a capitalist market. There is free ownership of property and freedom of choice. There are unclear rules and regulations governing the business environment in the country. Joe Diver Company should get authorization from the Chamber of Commerce and Industry. The company should file its documents with the Athens Bar Association. It should pay the deposit capital in a bank, pay capital tax on the concentration of capital to the local tax authority and obtain a tax registration number. The company should sign the Articles of Incorporation before the notary public. The company must notify manpower OAED (Office of Aboriginal Economic Development) within eight days of hiring a worker. Joe Diver Company should register with the relevant social security authorities. For a foreign company seeking to introduce its products in Greece it must have 300,000 Euros (U. S. Commercial Service, 2010). Its labor laws must comply with those in the country and a third of the jobs created should be given to the citizens. A business